![]() ![]() School boards around the country revised the salute to avoid this similarity. Controversy grew in the United States on the use of the Bellamy salute given its similarity to the fascist salutes. A similar ritual was adopted by the German Nazis, creating the Nazi salute. In the 1920s, Italian fascists adopted the Roman salute to symbolize their claim to have revitalized Italy on the model of ancient Rome. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, "I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all." At the words, "to my Flag," the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side. Another signal is given every pupil gives the flag the military salute – right hand lifted, palm downward, to align with the forehead and close to it. ![]() The Bellamy salute was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892, according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day":Īt a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Bellamy recalled that Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said, "Now up there is the flag I come to salute as I say "I pledge allegiance to my flag," I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the stirring words that follow." Upham, junior partner and editor of The Youth's Companion. The inventor of the Bellamy salute was James B. schoolchildren pledging their allegiance to the flag, May 1942
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